Thyroid hormones profile in Holstein calves following dexamethasone and isoflupredone administration

Background: glucocorticoids are the steroidal drugs which are very widely used in large animal medicine. These agents have advantages in large animals but they have also been associated with many potential adverse effects, especially at high doses or prolonged use

Objectives: the present experimental study was designed to clarify the effects of dexamethasone [DEXA] and isoflupredone [ISO], as the most common glucocorticoids in large animal medicine, on bovine thyroid hormones

Methods: ten clinically healthy Holstein calves [6-8 months old] were assigned into 2 equal groups. Dexamethasone [1 mg/kg] and isoflupredone [1 mg/kg] were administered intramuscularly in DEXA and ISOgroups, respectively, for two consecutive days. Blood samples were taken at days 0 [before the 1stdose], 1 [before the 2 nd dose], 2, 3, 5 and 7, from all studied animals and serum concentrations of T3, T4, fT3 and fT4 were determined in all specimens

Results: levels of T3 and T4 were decreased significantly after administration of both drugs. The concentrations of T3 and T4 in Iso group were significantly lower than the DEXA one [p<0.05]. There were no significant changes in serum fT3 and fT4 levels following drug administration

Conclusions: pharmacological doses of dexamethasone and isoflupredone have suppressive actions on the circulating levels of thyroid hormones in Holstein calves possibly via inhibition of TSH production at hypothalamic- pituitary-thyroid level

Low incidence of colorectal cancer in Kerman province, Iran

In Iran colorectal cancer [CRC] incidence varies among various places. But we do not have any validate data that deeply explored the difference of CRC in Kerman province by national average. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of colon cancer within a 12-year period in Kerman province and to find whether the incidence of CRC in Kerman compared with the total incidence found in Iran. Data on colorectal cancer was collected from all histopathology departments around the Kerman Province during 1991 - 2002 retrospectively. The crude and age-standardized incidence rates per 1 million populations were calculated based on the 1996 census data and the population growth rate. During this study total number of 551 new cases of colorectal cancer in Kerman province had been diagnosed. Age Standardized Rate of colon cancer in males and females were 50 [95% CI: 44-56] and 53 [95% CI: 46-59] cases per 1,000,000 population per year, respectively. The risk ratio in females relative to males was not significant in any type of colon cancer. We did not find any difference for each year during the entire study period. The ASR of colorectal cancer in Kerman province was quite lower than the average rate in the whole country. This study showed that, the risk of acquiring colon cancer was constant. We concluded that the risk of colorectal cancer in Kerman province was much lower than the entire country

Epidemiological aspects of head and neck cancers in a group of Iranian population

Head and neck cancers occur in a wide variety of tissue types and sites, resulting in a complex range of malignancies cared y physicians in multiple specialties. Epidemiologic aspects of head and neck cancer in Iran have not been studied adequately. The aim of this study was to represent epidemiological aspets of head and neck cancers in Kerman province in Iran. In this retrospective epidemiological study, a total of 2211 cases of heads and neck cancers were diagnosed in period 11-year. Data on all malignant head and neck cancers were included in this study. Information was obtained from the records of the 18 departments of histopathology in Kerman province. The five most common sites were skin of the head and neck [46.81%], lymph nodes of head and neck [13.98%], larynx [13.48%], oral cavity and pharynx [12.2%], and thyroid [6.20%]. Paranasal sinuses were the least common. The incidence rate of head and neck cancers was 10.12/100000 cases. Geographical or regional variations in the prevalence of head and neck cancer indicate that the socio-cultural lifestyles of a population play an important role in head and neck carcinogenesis. This study showed that the incidence rate of head and neck cancers was lower than that in many other countries. However, comparison between our findings with some other studies shows a relation consistency

Referral patterns and medical malpractice in patients with oral mucosal lesions before attending in oral medicine clinic of Kerman dental faculty

Unfortunately, many physicians and even dentists are unaware of existence of oral medicine practitioners. This fact leads to high incidence of medical malpractice in patients with oral mucosal lesions before visiting by the specialist of oral medicine. These malpractices might lead to not only imposing high expenses on the patients but also may waste the time and money which cause irreparable side effects. To our knowledge this is the first detailed Iranian study which its aim is to evaluate medical malpractice involving patients with oral mucosa lesions. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, clinical charts of patients attending in the oral medicine department complaining of oral mucosa disorders [during 1998-2005] were reviewed. Finally after collection of information from all charts through data forms, the diagrams were drawn with the use of SPSS. V.I 7 version. Information of 753 charts were reviewed. 45% of patients first seen by physicians and 36/2% by dentists. Majority of patients were examined by otolaryngologists, dermatologists, maxillofacial surgeons and periodontists. The average period of time between the initiation of disease and professional examination of patients was 24/05 +/- 4/14 months. Malpractice seen in 37/6% of patients, most commonly in the forms of avoiding of neglecting necessary referal and biopsy mostly performed for Lichen planus and Pemphigus vulgaris. Medical malpractice had the significant relationship with types and numbers of the lesions [P<0/05]. In this study high percentage of medical malpractice and long period of time between initiation of symptoms and referring to the specialist in oral medicine shows that inevitable efforts is needed to change referral patterns and treatment procedures in oral dis. for medical malpractice prevention

Epidemiological aspects of oral and pharyngeal cancer in Kerman province, south eastern Iran

Epidemiologic aspects of oral and pharyngeal cancers in Iran have not been studied adequately. We evaluated age-adjusted incidence rates by sex using pathological confirmed cases between 1991 and 2002 in Kerman Province, south eastern Iran. The information of cases was collected actively from all of the 18 histopathology departments around the province. The standardize risks were estimated using standard world population and the risk ratio for age and sex were estimated using negative binomial model. The total number of newly diagnosed malignant oral and pharyngeal cancers was 334, represented 3.1% of all newly diagnosed cancers. The age-adjusted incidence rate for oropharyngeal cancers was 2.21 cases per 100 000 populations per year. The results suggested that those age 40 and over were 18.1 times more likely to develop oral and pharyngeal cancer than the younger group. The risk of developing oral and pharyngeal cancers was 1.75 times more common in males than females. This study showed that the overall incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancers in Kerman Province was lower than that in most parts of the world. The lower incidence might be due to behavioral differences such as low consumption of alcohol, chewing tobacco, and spicy foods

Injury epidemiology in Kermanshah: the National Trauma Project in Islamic Republic of Iran

In a cross-sectional study, all trauma patients hospitalized for 24 hours or more over a 4-month period in Taleghani hospital, the only referral teaching centre in Kermanshah city, were studied [n = 779]. Mean age was 34.7 [standard deviation 19.9] years. Male, unemployed and illiterate patients predominated. Road traffic accidents, falls and interpersonal violence were the most common mechanisms of injury. Among road traffic accident victims, pedestrians were the most vulnerable group. A total of 7.8% of patients died, mostly due to head injuries [78.7%]. Our findings also showed the importance of head trauma as the main anatomical site of injury

Prevalence of Eimeria infection in sheep of Tabriz suburb, Iran

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and diversity of Eimeria species in sheep in Tabriz suburb. The prevalence of ovine parasitism due to Eimeria spp. was estimated in 240 sheep aged less than six months to over 12 months, in a period of one year [2003-2004]. The samples were collected from pre-slaughtered sheep in Tabriz slaughterhouse and transferred to the parasitology laboratory. Afterwards, sporulation of the oocysts was performed. The overall prevalence of Eimeria infection in sheep was found to be 16.7%. Two pathogenic species of Eimeria, including E. ahsata [8%] and E. ovina [18%] and four non-pathogenic species, E. faurei [18%], E. parva [13%], E, pallida [8%] and E. intricata [35%] were identified. All of the infected sheep [40 out of 240] had mixed infections at least with three species. Intensity of the infection was significantly higher in young sheep compared with older animals [P<0.05]. Gender had a significant effect on the prevalence and intensity of the infection [P<0.05]. Diversity in Eimeria spp. in different age groups, potentially, might be an important factor contributing to notable losses in small ruminants in this area

[Trauma: an epidemiological study from a single institute in Ahvaz, Iran]

This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of trauma patients attending the emergency department of a university hospital in Ahvaz- Iran [2000]. We identified all trauma admissions due to blunt and penetrating injuries. Data were collected from emergency departments and intensive care log books at Golestan hospital by on-site data collectors. The total number of patients included in the study was 1141; of these, 952 [83.4%] were males. The mean age of the study sample was 26.7 +/- 17 years [range, 1- 84 years]. Injuries were predominantly of the blunt type [91.8%], with only a small percentage of penetrating injuries [8.2%]. The most common cause of injury was traffic accidents [59%]. There were a total of 96 deaths [8.4%], and only a small number had an ISS of

Road Traffic Crashes Mortality and Morbidity in Iran in 1997- 2006

Road traffic crashes are the main cause of trauma mortality in most of world countries especially Iran. The objective of this study is to evaluate R TC mortality and morbidity in the last 10 years [1997-2006]. Data were obtained from Iran official reports of police, health sources and the Statistical Centre of Iran [SCI]. These data include population, registered motor-vehicles number, RTC, RTC injuries and deaths, during the period of 1997-2006. Statistical analysis was. performed by State 8 software and significance of mortality change was evaluated by Poison distribution. RTC fatalities increased between 22.1 [95%CI, 21.7-22.4] per 100, 000 and 40.5 [95%CI 40.1-41.0] per100, 000 from 1997 to 2005, but in the last year of 2006, this trend is reversed and there was declined to 39.1 [95%CI, 38.7-39.6] per 100, 000. R TC injuries has been increased from 110 to 401 per 100000 population from 1997 to 2005, but decreased to the 393 per 100000 in 2006. This paper shows road traffic crashes mortality and mortality in Iran in recent ten years and the decrease in the last year. This decline was most probably the result of a variety of interventions, including legislation, police enforcements improvements in traffic and transport, health care facilities and media and public education. It is recommended that efforts of all responsible organizations continue in unique leadership

[Comparative study of p53 protein and ki67 antigen in homogeneous and non-homogeneous leukoplakia]

Leukoplakia is one of the most common premalignant or potentially malignant lesions of the oral mucosa. Its potential for malignant transformation is unpredictable.The aim of present study was to evaluate the expression of p53 and proliferation status of ki67 antigen in normal, homogeneous and non-homogeneous leukoplakia. The standard immunohistochemistry staining method [Biotin Streptavidin peroxidase] was used to study the expression of p53 and ki67 on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded blocks of 7 cases of homogeneous leukoplakia, 10 cases of non-homogeneous leukoplakia and 9 cases of normal oral epithelium. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, MC Nemar and Fisher's exact tests. No relationship was detected between p53 protein and Ki67 expression and clinical features of leukoplakia. The distribution patterns of p53 and ki67 were mainly localized in the basal layer of normal oral mucosa, while the expression of p53 and Ki67 were extended into suprabasal cell layer in leukoplakia lesions. Ki67 expression in dysplastic lesions was higher than non-dysplastic lesions. This study showed significant relationship between Ki67 and p53 protein. These findings showed that the expression of p53 and Ki67 in suprabasal cell layers in leukoplakia may be correlated with poor clinical outcome and alterations of p53 lead to increased cell proliferation

[Prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and it's relation with anxiety in medical, dental and pharmaceutical students]

Oral Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers [RAS], are among the most common oral mucosal ulcerations. The association of RAS with psychological factors has been reported in some of the previous studies. However, the results of these researches are controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and its relationship with anxiety in medical, dental and pharmaceutical students. In this study, the prevalence of recurrent aphthous ulcers, in 550 medicine, dentistry and pharmaceutics students of Kerman medical university, and the relationship between lesions and students' anxiety, were evaluated. Cattel anxiety questionnaire was used to assess the amount of anxiety. Another questionnaire was used, in order to evaluate the aphthous ulcers. T and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Results showed that, 107 of 550 students [19.4%] had a positive history of oral recurrent aphthous ulcers. According to the patients' statements, mental stress, use of certain food, and exam induced stress, were the most important effective factors to aggravate the aphthous ulcers. The mean adjusted score of anxiety, anxiety intensity and mean rank of anxiety, in case group, were significantly higher than control group [P<0.001]. These results showed significant difference between the two groups for the gender [P<0.05]. According to the prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and its relationship with anxiety, prevention of anxiety or anxiety reduction should be noticed in the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Assessment of awareness of recommendations for prevention of bacterial endocarditis among a group of 136 Iranian dental and medical students

Bacterial endocarditis is a serious disease that could occur after invasive dental procedures. Despite a large number of papers written about the knowledge of prevention of bacterial endocarditis among health care workers in western countries, little is known about awareness of this subject among practitioners and students in other countries. The purpose of the present study was to assess the knowledge of recommendations for prevention of bacterial endocarditis among a group of Iranian dental and medical students. A multiple choice test that included 15 questions about bacterial endocarditis and antibiotic prophylaxis was developed. The questionnaires were distributed to 136 dental and medical students who had passed a theoretical course about bacterial endocarditis successfully in the past. Success was defined as correct answers to at least 8 of the 15 questions. Of 136 students participating in this study, 34 [25%] passed the test successfully. The pass-rate of dental students [38%] was significantly higher than that of medical students [13.5%] [P < 0.05]. The mean mark of dental and medical students was 6.74 +/- 2.28 and 4.81 +/- 2.1, respectively [P < 0.05]. No significant difference in success rates or mean marks found according to sex or age in the present study. The results of the present study demonstrate an important lack of knowledge regarding prevention of bacterial endocarditis among a group of Iranian dental and medical students and the need for improved education in this field

Malignant salivary glands tumors in Kerman province: a retrospective study

Malignant salivary glands tumors [MSGTs] are uncommon cancers. The most common site of these cancers is the parotid gland. Some investigations show these cancers preference for males than females. The majority of MSGTs arise in sixth decade of human life. According to the literature review for the present work, there is a few epidemiological researches about MSGTs in Iran and especially there isn't any study in Kerman province. So the aim of this study was investigation the incidence, sex, age, histological types, and site distribution of MSGTs in the Kerman province during the time period from March 1991 to March 2002. Documents and records of 70 patients with MSGTs diagnosed from March 1991 to March 2002 were reviewed. The patients' records were analyzed based on gender, age, location, and histopathological type of the tumor. Data were analyzed by SPSS-13.5 statistical software using t-test, chi-square, and ANOVA tests. During this period of time, 70 cases [43men, 27 women] of MSGTs had been diagnosed. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common cancer [30%] and the parotid was the most affected site [70%]. The age range was 10-86 years old with the overall mean age of 50.18 +/- 17.97. Despite a considerable volume of literatures written about MSGTs in many countries, the incidence of these cancers haven't as yet been thoroughly documented or analyzed in Iran. However, comparison between the findings of this study with the results of other investigations showed a relative consistency

Patterns of assault: Experience from an urban hospital-based study in a developing country

Most studies on assault-related injuries represent the burden of trauma due to firearms in the developed world. Nevertheless the pattern of violence leading to injuries may differ in developing countries due to cultural and socioeconomic factors or availability of weapons. Our study aims to determine this hypothetical difference. An inpatient dataset consisting of 8450 records based on a multi-center urban trauma study in Tehran was used. Exclusion of accidental and suicidal injuries resulted in a subset comprised of assault victims. Demographic characteristics of cases, mechanism, place and anatomical distribution of injuries were demonstrated. Of 475 assault victims, 88.5% were male and the mean age was 28.87 years. Violence against men had often occurred in the streets [53.7%], while women were mostly victims of assault at home [78.2%].In contrast to the predominance of blunt trauma in women [72.7%], men frequently suffered from penetrating trauma [57.8%]. Injuries to upper extremities were the main reason for trauma admission in 26.5% of cases followed by head injuries in 25.9%. The commonest mechanism of assault was trauma by sharp objects [51.1%], mostly by knife [42.6% of all]. Firearms were a very rare agent of assault [4%].It seems that strict laws for wearing knives in public, may greatly reduce the incidence of assault-related injuries, especially in the developing world